Hello, everyone. I'm your guide, Xiao Wang. First of all, welcome to Beijing Juyongguan Great Wall.
Juyong Pass is one of the most famous passes of the Great Wall. It is a barrier to the northwest of Beijing since ancient times. Juyong Pass is built in a 20 kilometer long valley between the mountains, which is the famous "pass" in the capital.
Both sides of Juyong Pass city are "high mountains", with steep cliffs. The pass city dominates the passage to Beijing. This extremely dangerous terrain determines its military importance. Ancient military experts called it "the ancient and modern defense of controlling the north and the South". Gao Shi, a frontier poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in describing the dangerous road of Juyongguan and Guanxiong: "juepo is under the water, and the peaks are high.
According to the records of the Yuan Dynasty, the name of Juyong came from the immigrants who lived here when the first emperor of Qin built the Great Wall. Yong is the civilian soldiers who were forced to come. In fact, the name of Juyong existed before Qin Shihuang unified the whole country. It was written in the spring and Autumn Annals of the Lu family in the Warring States period. It is recorded that "there are nine fortresses in the world, and one of them is the mediocre". Juyongguan ranks the eighth among the famous eight Xings in Taihang, namely junduxing, which controls Jundushan. Although Juyong Pass has always been an important military defense town for a long time, its name has been changed many times. It was called "Xiguan" in the Three Kingdoms period, changed to "Naqian pass" in the Northern Qi period, first called "Jimen pass" in the Tang Dynasty, and then changed to "Jundu pass". From the Liao Dynasty to the later Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has always been called Juyongguan.
After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan Dynasty and established the Zhu regime, Xu Da, the founder of the country, was sent to build Juyongguan city in 1370 A.D., which is the earliest record of building the Great Wall pass in the Ming Dynasty. This shows that Juyongguan has an important strategic position. The Guancheng built by Xu Da is very big. According to the ancient books, "crossing two mountains, thirteen Li on Monday, four Zhang and two feet high." After the establishment of Juyongguan City, there was a garrison of 1000 households. In the second year of Yongle (A.D. 14), it was promoted to Wei, commanding five garrisons.
Juyong Pass has been built in all dynasties since from Fanyang to Duguan", which vividly depicts the prosperous scene of vehicles and horses in Juyongguan at that time. This precious mural is enough to show that Juyong Pass was an important gateway between the inside and outside of the great wall more than 20xx years ago.