任务型读写练习

2020-03-05 来源：尚佳旅游分享网

任务型读写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。

1、Scientists develop non-stick chewing gum

Scientists have developed a non-stick chewing gum that can be easily removed from pavements, shoes and clothes.

The new gum, the result of polymer research at the University of Bristol, could be launched commercially in 2008, its developers said on Friday.

If it catches on, the product will solve a major headache for local authorities around the world.

\"The advantage of our Clean Gum is that it has a great taste, it is easy to remove and has the potential to be environmentally degradable(可降解性),\" said Terence Cosgrove, a professor of chemistry who helped found a company called Revolymer to commercialize the technology.

Today's chewing gums are made from synthetic latex, which is resistant to the weather and is strongly adhesive. The new gum adds a special polymer to modify its properties, making it far less sticky.

In two street trials, leading commercial gums remained stuck to the pavement three out or four times, while Clean Gum came away naturally in all cases, Revolymer said.

Title: Scientists develop non-stick chewing gum Main Items High 71 A different 74 The 76 Contexts 1. The new gum has a great taste. 2. It is easy to 72 up. 3. It has the 73 to be environmentally degradable. The new gum adds a special polymer to 75 its properties. 1. The new gum will solve a major 77 for local authorities around the world. 2. The new gum can 78 off naturally in all cases. The new gum, the 80 of polymer research at the University of Bristol, could be launched commercially in 2008. The developers‟ 79 71. qualities 72. clean 73. potential/capability 74. component/composition 75. change/modify 76. effects 77. problem/trouble/headache 78. fall 79. prediction 80. result/ consequence /outcome

2、

Speaking in public is most people‟s least favorite thing. The reason is that we are all afraid of making fools of ourselves. The more important the speech is, the more frightened we become.

But stop biting your finger-nails. Public speaking is easy. It‟s just plain talking, and you talk all the time. Although I‟m basically shy (honest!), I‟ve been making speeches and talking on radio and television for more than 30 years, and I can tell you that public speaking is not a “gift” like musical talent. Anybody who can talk can speak in public. Here are some of the lessons I have learned:

Your audience is going to come away with one or two of your main ideas. One or two. Not ten or

20. If you can‟t express in a sentence or two what you intend to get across, then your speech is not focused well enough. And if you don‟t have a clear idea of what you want to say, there‟s no way your audience will.

No matter how long or short your speech is, you‟ve got to get your ducks in a row—how you are going to open, what major points you want to make and how you‟re going to close.

When I do a radio or TV piece, I often write the last sentence first. When you know where you‟re headed, you can choose any route to get there. A strong close is critical: the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely remember.

The standard length of a vaudeville act is usually 12 minutes. If all those performers singing and dancing their hearts out couldn‟t go on longer without boring the audience, what makes you think you can?

Title: How to make a (76)________ speech Techniques Keep it simple You should enough (77)Reasons Requirements ________ your idea well Prepare one or two of your main ideas. The audience will not catch your idea if your idea is (78)________. Get (79)________ You should get your speech well organized. Know very well about the (81)________, body (80)If you don‟t, the ________ will be and ending of the speech confused. Your speech should be short enough to hold Make your speech as your audience curiosity and (83)________. short as (84)________. If you don‟t, the audience will be (85)________. 76. public 77. focus 78. vague/unclear 79. organized 80. audience 81. opening 82. short 83. attention 84. possible 85. bored

Wen Jiabao arrived in Singapore yesterday for an official visit to the country. It is the first visit by a Chinese premier to Singapore in eight years. In the arrival statement, Wen said he is looking forward to the meeting with Singing pore on ways to deepen East Asian cooperation between two nations so as to contribute to the building of a peaceful, harmonious relationship.\"

Premier Wen Jiabao and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to jointly develop an environmentally friendly city in northeastern China. The city will be a model for sustainable development, a Singapore government statement said. The \"Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city\" will be developed by a joint venture formed by Chinese and Singapore companies. \"This eco-city, to be built in Tianjin, will become another highlight in our relations,\" Wen said after signing an agreement with Lee,

Keep it (82)________

who agreed, \"On the Singapore side, on all levels, we'll give this project our full support.\"

The two sides will share expertise and experiences in urban planning, environmental protection, resources conservation, recycling, use of renewable resources and wastewater re-use. China's economic planning agency issued a set of guidelines earlier this month welcoming foreign investment in environmentally friendly areas such as recycling, \"clean\" industries and environmental protection.

Bilateral relations between China and Singapore have seen big progress even though the two countries established diplomatic ties only 17 years ago, Wen said during his talks with Lee.

China and Singapore have also kept close contact and coordination on regional issues, he added. Wen said China and Singapore are both important Asian countries that share common interests in many areas.

Title: Wen‟s visit to Singapore

Main points contexts General(71)____ of Wen‟s To(72)_____ _ with Singapore visit To(73)________ mutual relationship. Another(75)_________ friendly city to be built in Tianjin. Co-operation in city planning, environment protection, recycling and so Agreements(74)_______ in on for(76)________ development. the visit Co-operation in(77)_______ affairs for a (78)______ Asia. Guidelines(79)________ by China‟s(80)___________ for clean industries and environmental China protection. 71.aims\\purposes 72.co-operate 73.strengthen\\promote 74.reached 75.environmentally 76. sustainable 77.regional 78.peaceful 79.set 80.preference

A smart card is a card that is carried with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip that is not programmable. The microprocessor card can add. delete, and deal with the information on the card, while a memory-chip card can only do one thing.

Smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can do many different things and hold a lot of information. In this way, they do not need to get information from a faraway place when they are used. Today, there are several kinds of smart cards, all of which are very popular in the market:

IC (Integrated Circuit) Microprocessor Cards Microprocessor Cards (chip cards) offer a larger memory and better security than the traditional magnetic stripe cards do. Chip cards can also hold data. These cards are used for many things. Thus, chips have been the main platform for cards that hold a secure digital identity. Some examples of these cards are: Cards that hold money.

Cards that provide safe access to a network.

Cards that allow setting stop boxes on televisions to remain safe from privacy.

Optical Memory Cards Optical memory cards look like cards with a piece of CD on the top. Optical memory cards can store up to 4MB of data. But once written, the data can not be changed or removed. Thus, this type of card is good for keeping records, such as medical files, driving records or

travel histories. Today, these have no processors in them (although this is coming in the near future). While the cards are almost as cheap as chip cards, the card readers are expensive. Title: (1)_______________cards Types IC Chip Cards (3)________________ A larger memory & Better (4)___________ Hold data Store much data Good for (5)_________ Drivers and (6)_______ to keep records (7)_______ not much Disadvantages Not mentioned Similarities Popularity Large (10) ____ Low cost of cards Optical (2)___________ cards (8)________ data No processors Expensive card (9)___________ 1．Smart 2. Memory 3. Advantages 4.security 5. doctors 6. travelers 7. cost 8. Unchangeable 9. readers 10.memory

5、All That noise is damaging Children’s Hearing

Michel become hooked on headphones in his early teens. He walked in the streets of Brooklyn day after day with his favorite music blasting directly into his ears. By his early 20s, Michel had lost much of his upper-range hearing. The Children‟s Hearing Institute reports that hearing loss among children and young adults is rising in the United States, and that one third of the damage is caused by noise.

Surrounded By Noise

We live in a noisy world. Young and old alike are beset by sounds over which we may have little or no control: power mowers, leaf blowers, snow blowers, cars and house alarms, sirens, motorcycles, Jet Skis, loudspeakers, even movie previews. We attend rock concerts, weddings, parties and sports events at which the music is so loud you can hardly hear the person sitting next to you. At home, televisions, stereos and computer games are often turned up so loud that listeners can not hear a doorbell or telephone. Many “modern ” restaurants have chosen noise enhancement instead of abatement(减轻). Any time you need to shout to be heard by someone near you, your hearing is most likely to be in a decibel(分贝) danger zone. As if environmental noise were not enough, now we surround children with noisy toys and personal listening devices that can permanently damage their hearing. Toys that meet the safety standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials can produce sound up to 138 decibels, as loud as a jet plane taking off. Yet workplace rules require hearing protection for those exposed to noise above 85 decibels.

Protecting Young Ears

Before buying noisemaking toys, parents would do well to listen to how loud they are. If the toy comes with a volume control, monitor its use to make sure it is kept near the lowest level. Consider returning gifts that make loud noises, disable the noise-making function. Or limit the use of noisy toys to outside play areas. Children who play computer games and stereo equipment should be warned to keep the volume down. Time spent in video arcades, where the noise level can be over 110 decibels, should be strictly

limited. Most iPods have a control that allow parents to set a maximum volume. Don‟t take children to loud action movies. If you do go and the sound seems deafening, ask the manager to turn down the volume or insist on you money back. Children who play in bands and teenagers who use power tools, gardening equipment or guns should be made to wear hearing protection, available at sporting goods stores.

The League for the Hard of Hearing urges parents to encourage participation in quiet activities, like reading, watching family-oriented films, doing puzzles, making thins with construction toys, playing educational computer games, drawing and painting, and visiting librarians and museums.

All That noise is damaging Children‟s Hearing Introduction A boy lost much of his hearing due to being ___71___ to headphones. Problem More and more children have suffered from hearing ___72___ . ★___73___ noise from: a) power mowers, leaf blowers, snow blowers, and etc. b) the music at rock concerts, weddings, parties and sports events which ___74___ us hearing Causes of the someone nearby; problems c) televisions, stereos and computer games ___75___ than doorbells or telephones d) “modern ” restaurants ★Noise from: toys and listening devices which cause ___76___ damage to hearing. ★Monitor the volume of toys ★___78___ gifts making loud noise ★Limit children's time spent in video arcades ★___79___ taking children to loud action movies ★Make children wear hearing protection when around loud noise ★Encourage children to ___80___ in quiet activities ___77___ to the problem

71、addicted 72、loss 73、Environmental 74、prevents/ stops 75、louder/noisier 76、permanent 77、Solutions 78、Return 79、Avoid 80、participate

6、Blood Drive at Civic Center

The local university blood center had a blood drive today at the Civic Center auditorium. Almost 300 people showed up, but about 50 were turned away for various medical reasons. Fifty others left because the lines were moving so slowly. The event concluded at 6 pm, three hours after the scheduled close. It was a long day for everyone-administrators, nurses, and donors. But there were plenty of chairs and tables, and many people brought their own books, magazines, or newspapers. The first thing the donors had to do, of course, was fill out the donor registration and screening form. When they finished filling out the form, they waited until a nurse called them to her desk. The average adult body contains 8 to 12 pints of blood. Donors can give one pint at a time. It takes your body 2 to 4 weeks to replace this amount. Most donors filled up the pint bag within 5 to 10 minutes.

Before leaving, the donors received a sheet of instructions including: Do not lift any heavy objects for 12 hours. Leave your pressure bandage on for 2~3 hours. Do not smoke for at least 30 minutes. Avoid alcohol for the rest of the day. Do not do any laborious activity for 24 hours. “I wish I could hug and kiss all the volunteers that are here today,” said Martha, the blood center donor recruiter. “Many donors underestimate the importance of what they‟re doing. They think it is no big deal, but it is a big deal. Their blood is actually saving lives, helping other people to live, which will lead to a more harmonious society. We cannot thank them enough for that, nor can the recipients.”

Title: Blood drive at Civic Centre

(71)__________ Number of people who donated blood The Civic Centre auditorium Approximately(72)___________ Reasons why part of the people present didn‟t ●(73)__________in the medical test give blood ●Waiting too long Process ●Fill out the donor(74)________and screening form. ●wait for their turns to give blood ●Give blood One pint at a time (75)________of blood one person gives (76)__________ for people who have given ●Don‟t lift heavy things within 12 hours blood ●Leave the pressure bandage on for 2~3 hours ●(77)________smoking for not less than 30 minutes ●Don‟t perform any laborious activity for a (78)_________day People‟s(79)_________towards the blood drive (80)__________of donating blood Enthusiastic, positive and concerned ●Saving other people‟s lives ●Contributing to a more harmonious society

71.Place/Where 72.200 73.Failing 74.registration 75.Amount 76.Instruction/Tips/Suggestions/Advice 77.Avoid 78.whole 79.attitude(s) 80.Importance/Meaning/Significance

In addition to self-awareness, imagination, and conscience, it is the fourth quality — independent will — that really makes effective self-management possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in agreement with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon, to actively carry out the program we have developed through the other three qualities.

The human will is an amazing thing. Time after time, it has overcome unbelievable difficulties. The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic(给人深刻印象的) evidence to the value, the power of the independent will.

But as we examine this quality in the context of effective self-management, we realize it‟s usually not the dramatic, the visible(可见的), the once-in-a-lifetime, up-by-the-bootstraps(自立自强的) effort that brings lasting success. This special ability comes from learning how to use this great quality in the decisions we make every day.

The degree to which we have developed our independent will in our everyday lives is measured by our personal honesty. Honesty is, fundamentally, the value we place on ourselves. It‟s our ability to make and keep promises to ourselves, to “walk our talk.”

Effective management is putting first things first. While leadership decides what “first things” are, it is management that puts them first, day-by-day, moment-by-moment. Management is discipline (training to be self-controlled), carrying it out.

Discipline obtains from belief—belief in a set of values, belief in an overriding(最主要的) purpose, to a long-term or short term goal that must be carried out.

In other words, if you are an effective manager of yourself, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a follower of your own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the quality to control your feelings and moods rather than depend on others or have your work half done.

Title Theme The power of independent will Independent will makes self-management (71) ▲ . ·The example given to (72) ▲ power of independent will is amazing. ·Power of independent will helps to make one‟s (73) ▲ every day. ·(74) ▲ is very important to develop our independent will. ·It‟s our ability to have our promises made and (75) ▲ . ·Effective managers should know (76) ▲ should be done first. ·Effective managers with discipline should (77) ▲ to their promises. ·You (79) ▲ your deep values. ·Your feelings and moods are able to be (80) ▲ . Reasons Suggestions (78) ▲ 71. effective 72. prove/ show/( illustrate) 73. decisions 74. Honesty 75. kept

76. what 77. stick 78. Conclusions 79. follow 80. controlled

In 2006, the number of Chinese students studying abroad reached 134,000. More than twenty countries are selected as “the most favored nations by Chinese students for studying abroad in 2006”. These countries are attracting students in different ways.

In recent years, the United States has become so attractive for many Chinese students with its first-class institutions and universities, and superpower status in the world. This was mainly due to the relaxation of visa restrictions for international students in 2005 and 2006, a move that promoted the development of its education market and caught the attention of more Chinese students. Previously, students needed to get entry permits from customs and make a claim on their period of stay. If they needed to go back to their homeland during vacations, they had to provide a visiting certificate. After the vacation ended, they needed to apply for another visa for re-entry into the the United States. Today, as

long as their students ID cards remain unchanged, they can return to their homeland within one year, without showing a visiting certificate and applying for a re-entry visa.

The natural environment has always been a key factor in attracting students from other countries. Canada, known as “America‟s backyard”, is the most inhabatable country, as well as the world‟s most amazing nation for overseas study. Canada has been attracting a large number of Chinese students for years.

New Zealand has also welcomed more and more students to study, offering a good living environment and desirable lifestyle. It has eight outstanding colleges and universities, creating better hopes for employment and immigration after students graduate. Students can apply for visas even without taking an English proficiency test. This is an important reason why more international students intend to study in the country.

An elegant environment, bilingual (双语的) lifestyle and international academic atmosphere are the most attractive advantages of study in Malaysia. Bilingual language ability has been a fundamental requirement for residents in this country. Students in the country can benefit from a world-class education, with a guarantee of an excellent degree of higher education. Residents living in the most inhabitable country in the Asia-Pacific region, enjoy life‟s real pleasures.

The year of 2007 is the “year of China” in Japan and the year of “Chinese-Korean exchange”. Frequent communications and exchanges between the governmentments of both countries have encouraged students to study in the two countries. Japan offers a variety of preferential (优惠的) policies to Chinese students that create unique conditions for international students to continue research and study in the country. In 2006, more and more Chinese students chose to study in Japan and Korea.

Some countries, such as Russia, the Ukraine and German have become destinations for more Chinese students in recent years because they offer high quality education at a low cost. The German education system has been the number one choice for many students. However, from the beginning of 2006, it began to adjust its policy on waiving (放弃) full tuition fees. Therefore, international students studying in Germany would be able to enjoy a free tuition policy for only a few years to come. Relaxed 71. on It is a 75. to expand the education market and student visas attract more Chinese students. Many Chinese students choose Canada because it is a country most fit for 76. . New Zealand has welcomed more and more students with How foreign Beautiful both its natural environment and more chances to get its 72. to attract countries 77. . students attract Studying in Malaysia can develop a student‟s Chinese 78. language talent—a basic requirement to live in students this country. Friendly international Japanese preferential policies to Chinese students include 73. to warm up special 79. to continue research and study in the overseas study country. Low 74. to attract It can be inferred that there will be

students 80. Chinese students intending to go to Germany in the next few years to come. 71. restrictions 72. environments 73. relationships 74. costs 75. move 76. living 77. visas 78. bilingual 79. conditions 80. more

Filmmakers in Hollywood produce hundreds of films each year and audiences around the world watch them. In many films, characters smoke cigarettes and other forms of tobacco. In the past, researchers have documented how adolescents in the United States are influenced by watching those images of smoking on the screen. They found that kids who watch many movies where characters smoke are more likely to try smoking themselves.

Dr. James Sargent, a researcher with Dartmouth University Medical School in New Hampshire, says those research findings are strong and reliable, but he says that many people are unconvinced when they hear that movies might contribute to adolescent smoking. “How can movies be to blame for a third of adolescent smoking when there‟s only, you know, 30 seconds to a minute of smoking in every movie? So what we wanted to do with this study was really range the exposure for people so that they understood how much exposure kids really get when it comes to seeing these actors modeling smoking on the big screen.”

Sargent and some international colleagues counted how often images of smoking were seen by adolescents. They watched about 500 popular movies and counted the images of smoking in each. Then they multiplied that number of images by the number of adolescents estimated to have seen the films. They estimate that billions of images of smoking in American films are seen by kids around the world. “So it is a big international problem to the extent that American movie companies are exporting smoking in youth-rated movies, the kids in other countries are seeing the smoking, and it‟s positioning smoking as something they want to do,” he concludes.

Sargent says almost nothing else compares with smoking in terms of public health problems around the world. Each year millions of people die of diseases caused by smoking: lung and other cancers, heart diseases and respiratory diseases. Sargent says many of those people started smoking during their adolescent years.

“We‟ve already shown pretty convincingly that seeing smoking in movies is bringing kids to the tobacco industry,” he says. “So the movie industry has some responsibility here. The movie industry could do something that would reduce smoking in youth-rated movies; they could rate smoking R (for restricted).” He notes that‟s what public health activists are trying to get filmmakers to do. And if they did that, it would reduce 60 percent of growth of impressions the kids in his sample had seen. Hollywood‟s images of smoking encourage teens to light up Screen 71. are likely to encourage kid audiences to pick up smoking. But people have different opinions about the 72. of screen

Many people don‟t 73. movies‟ contribution to teen smoking because they think kids are not so much 74. to screen smoking. Others point out that the large number of smoking images in American 9

smoking on teenagers. films shows that teens see smoking on the screen very 75. . So American movie companies are thought tobe “selling smoking” 76. . The number of 77. due to smoking diseases shows that screen smoking affects public health greatly. It‟s convincingly proved that seeing smoking in movies is teaching kids It is filmmakers‟ 78. to form the 79. of smoking. to restrict smoking in If films reduce smoking images, it would reduce the youth-rated movies. 80. that kids start smoking. 71. smokers 72. effect 73. believe 74. exposed 75. frequently 76. abroad 76. deaths 78. duty 79. habit 80. chance/possibility

Educating girls quite possibly harvests a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women's education may be an unusual field for economists (经济学家), but increasing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its focus on encouragement, provides an explanation for why so many girls are rid of an education.

Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school -- the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.

An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.

Few will argue that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic

advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.

Topic: The significance of female (71) in developing countries Viewpoint Families Attitudes Educating girls is more beneficial and worthy of being (72) . From low-income families From educated mothers' families Gifts are of less (73) than Development should be for all the boys. (74) . ●There is (75) investment It is insisted that girls and boys be offered in daughters, while boys are sent to chances to be educated (77) . school. 10 Practices

● Girls are made to stay at home, (76) housework. Consequences A vicious circle Significance A virtuous circle Educating women (78) to social benefits, has economic advantages and (79) health practices significantly, including family planning. (80) Educating girls in developing countries is important and rewarding, 71. education 72, invested 73. value/importance/significance 74. children 75. no/little 76. doing

77. fairly/equally 78. contributes/leads 79. affects 80. Conclusion

Since the beginning of human evolution, men have migrated（迁移）across continents in search of food, shelter, safety, and comfortable weather. People still move for these reasons, but new reasons for human migration are arising, such as job relocation(重新安置) and overpopulation.

Three million migrants are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination is a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. People are moving within the developing world for the same reasons as they migrate to wealthier nations. People from poor countries are going to less poor countries, fleeing wars and conflicts. They are also responding to population pressures because some countries are densely populated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to go somewhere else.

There are three main reasons why people move. The basic categories and percentages are as follows, according to the Current Population Surveys (CPS):

Family-related reasons account for 26.3%, including changes in marital（婚姻的）status, establishing a household and other family reasons; work-related reasons 16.2%, including job transfer, retirement, and other job-related reasons; housing-related reasons 51.6%, including new and better houses, better neighborhood, cheaper housing and other housing reasons; the remaining 5.9% of other reasons are attending college, the change of climate and health reasons.

Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities and warmer climates. They have also been moving to places a little far from cities, in search of bigger yards and houses, lower crime rates and better schools. In 1950, nearly a fifth of the population lived in the nation‟s 20 largest cities. In 2006, it was about one in ten. That‟s why many American people say, “Big Cities Shrink as People Move South, West.”

Between March 2005 and March 2007, 73.4 million Americans moved. Fifty-six percent of these moves were within the same country. Twenty percent were between counties but in the same state. Nineteen percent were moves to a different state. Some families even went abroad.

Title: People on the 71 Throughout human 72 , people have migrated across continents. Lead-in An 73 number of people from poor countries are moving to 74 countries, especially neighboring ones. 11 _75 for people‟s According to the CPS, the 76 of people move to other places for

migration reasons 77 to housing. Americans have long been moving south and west, 78 a better job chance, a warmer 79 and a bigger yard, etc. Conclusion Now every year more and more people move to other places, which seems to have become a global 80 . 71. move 72. history 73. increasing 74. richer / wealthier 75. Reasons 76. majority 77. related / linked 78. seeking 79. climate 80. tendency / phenomenon / trend

Living in the 21st century offers certain advantages, such as a higher standard of living, but it also has some disadvantages, such as a polluted environment.

To begin with, most people now have more money for less hard work. They earn higher salaries than before and enjoy better social security, such as social welfare for laid-off workers and disability insurance.

Secondly, because of the advance in medical technology which leads to better medical care and treatment, people‟s life expectancy is longer. Moreover, most people now can afford to buy foods of high nutrition and enjoy their leisure time.

Thirdly, modern conveniences such as radio, TV, Internet, various vehicles and labor-saving machines in the home, all greatly facilitate human communication, transportation and housework as well.

Nevertheless, living in the 21st century also has its disadvantages. The most serious one is the increasingly polluted environment; air is filled with smog and water is contaminated by chemicals from factories. Another main disadvantage is the depersond\\alization (价格解体) of human relationships which mostly results from people‟s ever-increasing contact with machines and numbers. Still one more disadvantage is the weakening of spiritual values. An undeniable fact is that a large number of people are solely interested in materialistic culture, while neglecting spiritual civilization. Limited by space, we have to skip the examples.

In conclusion, although the 21st century has indeed given us a lot of advantages, it may not have made us wiser, because it has also made our earth dirtier, our people less humane, and our spiritual life poorer. We should continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancement, however, we must make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. Moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in an increasingly impersonal, computerized world.

Title: General (71)________ on living in the 21st century A higher standard of living (72)________ More money (74)_______ social security Longer (75)_______expectancy Higher nutrition More (76)_______ Communication 12

Better medical care Modern (73)________

(77)_______ Labor-saving machines A (78)________ environment Disadvantages The depersonalization of Human relationships The (79)________ of Spiritual values Smog Contaminated water (80)_______ from factories 71. comment 72. Advantages 73. conveniences 74. Better 75. life 76. leisure 77. Transportation 78. polluted 79. weakening 80. Chemicals

Are you tired of looking for love in all the usual places? Nowadays, millions of lonely singles are now going online instead. The World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world‟s most popular

matchmaker. With so many singles online, dozens of dating sites like Yahoo Personals and Match.com are helping singles find that special someone. Around the world, from America to China, love is now very much online.

Singles are flocking to the Internet mainly because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites is quick and convenient. They can “meet” a lot more people online than they could by hanging out at a club. Besides, many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to another and are ready to try something else. They also appreciate the first distance of online dating, which allows them to hide themselves until they are ready to meet someone face to face. Dating sites also make it easy to avoid someone you are not interested in. In the real world, however, ignoring someone you don‟t like can be embarrassing.

Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People aren‟t always who they claim to be in their online profiles. For instance, some one who tells you he is “handsome, successful and single” might turn out to be homely, unemployed and married. Safety is another concern. You are just as likely to find a criminal online as you are Mr. or Miss right.

Even so, supporters of online dating see things in a positive way. In their opinion, singles can safely play the online dating game with a little common sense. Online dating experts advise following a few safety tips:

Guard your personal information. Never give out your personal information online. This includes your last name, phone number, home address and place of work.

Watch for red flags. Do any of the people you are chatting with make disrespectful comments? Do they try to control you? Do they give false information about themselves? If so, forget them!

Meet in a safe place. When meeting someone in person, choose a public location with other people around.

Follow these tips and you might be able to find the person of your dreams.

Going online to look for love

Going online to look for love is becoming the world‟s popular (1) ________ to find that special someone.

The reason why singles are flocking to the Internet is that life keeps them too (2) ________ to look for a marriage partner. It brings them (3) ________ to use dating sites. They can “meet” more people, try something new, hide themselves and easily (4) ______ meeting someone they don‟t like . There‟re some (5) ________, though . What‟s in the online profiles may not (6) ________ with the facts. Someone who claims to be “single” may have got (7) _______ .

In spite of the disadvantages, some are still in (8)_________ of online dating and some (9)________ is given by online dating experts: Never give out your (10)_______ information online or it will not be private , watch for wrong persons and meet in a safe place. 1. way/approach 2.busy/occupied 3.convenience 4.avoid 5. disadvantages 6. agree 7.married 8.favor 9. advice 10.personal

Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colours in the world? Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain colour? Biology and history are the two reasons for this.

Skin contains something called melanin, which determines a person‟s skin colour. The more melanin a person has, the darker his or her skin will be. The amount of and production of melanin are controlled by genetics, but can be affected by other things, such as sunlight. If a person lives in a place with strong sunlight, his or her skin will protect itself by producing more melanin, making the skin darker. In a place with less sunlight, a person‟s body will produce less melanin, making the skin lighter.

Skin colour is also affected by another source—vitamin D. Humans all need vitamin D to build bones. People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk, or from sunlight, which causes vitamin production in the skin. Melanin protects skin by absorbing sunlight, so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production. Therefore, a dark-skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light-skinned person when they received the same amount of sunlight.

The connection between vitamin D production and skin colour is clear when we look at evolution. The earliest humans lived in Africa, their dark skin covered with hair. When they moved to places that had less sunlight, their bodies produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin. As a result, their skin

made less melanin, so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair. Now, people who live in areas with strong sunlight, like Africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter skin. The exception to this is the Inuit, who live in a place with little sunlight, but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D.

Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colours. Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin colour. What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived. This has in turn changed our melanin production, and eventually, skin colour.

A World of Skin Colour

Brief (71) ▲ Reasons for skin colour People living in a particular (72) ▲ usually have the same skin colour and there are many different skin colours in the world. The reasons for different skin colours mainly (73) ▲ in biology and history.  The amount of melanin, by which a person‟s skin colour is (74) ▲ , varies from people to people. The more melanin a person has, the (75) ▲ his or her skin will be.  Vitamin D is another source (76) ▲ skin colour. Vitamin D is necessary for humans to build bones. Sunlight contributes to vitamin D production in the skin.  The earliest people in Africa had dark skin with hair covering it because the sunlight is very strong..  When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to (77) ▲ vitamin D, their skin colour became lighter.  Generally speaking, people in areas with strong sunlight, have darker skin(78) ▲ people in other areas have lighter skin. Biological reasons Historical reasons Melanin (80) ▲ an important role in our skin colour. With our living (79) ▲ environment changing, melanin production is changed, which leads to the changes in our skin colour. 71. introduction 72. area 73. lie 74. determined 75. darker 76. affecting 77. produce 78. while 79. Conclusion / Summary 80. plays

In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people has been increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless.

The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always.

Some homeless people are mentally ill and have no one to look after them. Some are young people who, for one reason or another, have left home and have nowhere to live. Many of them have had a

serious disagreement with their parents and have left home, choosing to go to a city and live on the streets. Sometimes they have taken such action because they have been unable to get on with a step-parent.

Many homeless people get into the habit of begging to get enough money to stay alive, but many of the general public refuse to give anything to beggars. Often they are moved on by the police, being accused, whether rightly or wrongly, of forceful begging. There are many who disrespect homeless people.

Some cynics(愤世嫉俗的人) declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box?

Homeless People Present 61 about homeless Although people‟s living standard has been increased, still many people. people are homeless, even in rich countries. ①Poverty results from 63 and no help form the government. ②Some people suffer from 64 problems. ③Some 65 people have a disagreement with their parents or 66 . ①Many people refuse to give money to 68 showing no 69 for them. ②The author thinks that they are to be 70 . 62 for being homeless 67 towards homeless people 61. situation 66. step-parents

62. Reasons 63. unemployment/joblessness 64. mental 65. young 67. Attitudes 68. beggars 69. respect 70. pitied

In the past 100 years Asian Americans have become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. As their children began moving up through the nation's schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was forming . Their achievements are reflected in the nation's best universities, where

mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no

knowledge of English. They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree.

Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian Culture that promotes success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education.

Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they form a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the

victims of social separation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship. Topic In the past 81 , Asian Americans have made great academic achievements, making them the fastest-growing U.S. minority Asian Americans more easily 82 in mathematics, science and engineering. Asian-American students prefer mathematics and science . 1.Having a solid foundation in mathematics 2. Expecting a good job after 84 3. Receiving fairer treatment resulting from more objective 85 4. Realizing investment more 86 . Asian-American students achieve success, 87 by parents and Asian Culture. 1. They are encouraged to make full 88 of American educational system by parents. 2. They perform well especially in homework with the 89 of parents. 3.The ideals promoting their success are deeply 90 in Asian Culture. Reflection of achievements ___83___ for achievements Concern They are worried that the history may repeat itself as Asian immigrants were separated from American mainstream society. 81. century 82. succeed /achieve 83.Reasons/ Explanations 84. graduation /college 85 judg(e)ment 86. immediately/quickly 87.influenced /affected 88. use 89. help / aid /assistance 90. rooted / anchored/involved

Wealthy Chinese do not have a good reputation, a survey by China Youth Daily and Sina.com has found.

The poll, conducted last week, showed about 70 percent of 3,990 interviewees believe the well-off are immoral and not worthy of respect. Only 4 percent thought rich people are good, the survey said.

For the rich, to become popular, they need to do three things, the survey suggested.

First, they need to have a sense of social responsibility. Second, they need to be self -disciplined, and third, they need to have a caring heart.

The number of people who make at least $50,000 a year increases by 15 percent a year and, according to the China Economic Times, the country now has 1.5 million rich people.

The China Youth Daily and Sina.com survey found interviewees questioned how the rich became rich in the first place.

“Some rich people are thought to have accumulated their wealth through illegal means, such as bribery,” said a post-graduate student at the Communication University of China.

Even so, the survey found wealthy people who abide by the law, have a sense of social responsibility and a caring heart, are respected.

The poll showed about 60 percent thought these kinds of wealthy people were worthy of respect.

The survey suggested many voters were much better disposed toward rich people from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Western economies——rather than the mainland.

Hong Kong property tycoon Li Ka-shing was most highly regarded, followed by Bill Gates, mainland property tycoon Wang Shi and basketball player Yao Ming.

“Rich people on the mainland invest too little in charity and gain too much,” a student from Beijing Sports University said.

Yu Guoming, a professor at Renmin University of China, called on the heads of Chinese companies to think and invest in a long-term way. “Social responsibility is not only about charity, it also connects the company with the government and the public.”

The 71 of the survey Most people think 72 of wealthy Chinese.

People's 73 to the rich Some of the wealthy people from mainland They get money 74 They gain a lot of money but 75 too little to charity. They lack sense of 76 responsibility. They are of low morality and are not worth respecting. Most people 77 rich people from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Western economies. They should be 78 for the society. They should 79 the law and be self disciplined. They need to have a caring heart. They should invest in charity and 80 the companies with the government and the public. Suggestions to the rich 71. result / outcome / consequence 72. poorly/badly/little 73. attitudes 74. illegally. 75. donate / contribute 76. social 77. respect 78. responsible 79.obey / observe 80. connect

Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to push an elderly woman aside to take the last remaining seat on the underway or bus. This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with politeness and that those who go out to work should take their turns in the rat race like anyone else. But women have never claimed to be physically strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, the fact remains that courtesy(礼节) should be shown to the old and the sick. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently(冷漠地) reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves, “First come, first served” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple(残障者)

stands? Yet this is all too often seen.

Older people, tired and impatient from a day‟s work, are not always considerate either — far from it. Many arguments break out as the older people push and squeeze(挤)each other to get on buses. One cannot approve this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.

It seems urgent, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won‟t bother to assist; taxi drivers shout at each other as they dash dangerously around corners; bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have time to get on or off the bus, and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young to do their small part to stop such lowering of moral standards.

Title：Manners in Metropolitan Cities Theme Politeness is (71) ▲ , especially in large cities. Phenomena Excuses Big, strong schoolboys push elderly women aside to (72) ▲ on the last remaining seats. Women think they are(74) ▲ to men, so they should take their turns in the rat race like others. Phenomena and Excuses Young men (73) ▲ to treat women politely. Young people sit indifferently(75) ▲ while grey-haired women, mothers with (76) ▲ and First come, first served. disabled people stand by. The elderly themselves push each other to get on buses. ●Communications in transport are not satisfactory. (77) ▲ ●Communication between people doesn‟t go (78) ▲ and politely. ●People are too (79) ▲ and too rushed to care about others. Solution Young people make an (80) ▲ to stop such lowering of moral standards. 71. disappearing/non-existent/missing/lacking/lost 72. sit/rest 73. refuse/hate 74. equal 75. reading 76. children/babies 77. Causes/Analysis/Reasons 78. smoothly 79. tired 80. effort

\"You have the power to change the direction of the world,\" said Russell Simmons, Chairman and Chief Executive of Rush Communications.

The General Assembly Hall of the United Nations in New York City was filled with people hanging on to Simmons' every word. It was not an audience of political ambassadors, though - not exactly. Simmons was speaking at the opening ceremony of the Global Classrooms Model United Nations conference recently, where teens from around the world gathered for an exciting weekend.

The Model UN gives students the opportunity to stop into the shoes of ambassadors. Students taking part in the program are responsible for representing different countries as their ambassadors. They

must research the issues affecting their countries and come up with a plan of action. Topics discussed include everything from the threat of nuclear terrorism to poverty. The Global Classrooms program makes the Model UN experience possible for students from public middle schools and high schools around the world.

\"Learning anything you can that's beyond your own borders really will help you so much - in life and in the Model UN,\" said Alexandra Cirone, a student serving as Secretary General of the Model UN.

During the opening ceremony, several speakers talked about the value of taking part in the Model UN.

\"You have a head start on the rest of the world,\" said Ambassador Williams H. Luers, President of the UNA-IJSA and former US Ambassador to Czechoslovakia and Venezuela.

Simmons, best known for his work in hip-hop music, gave the speech. Cheers erupted in the General Assembly Hall as he took the stage. As a leader in the worlds of music, fashion and film, Simmons is dedicated to using his position to help bring about social and political changes. He encourages students to stand up for what they believe in and to be a voice for people who are suffering. Simmons challenged his audience to seek peace instead of war, and to make decisions that make a difference in the world.

\"It's up to you to make these changes in a good spirit,\" he said.

More than 2,300 students have gathered for the weekend's conference. As \"ambassadors\spend the next two days debating current international issues and working to come up with solutions. Global Classrooms Information about the 71. ceremony Aims Activities Opinions or feelings ●It was held in New ●Giving students an 74. ● Discussing topics ●Learning something York. to step into the shoes of 77. everything that 79. to do ●Simmons, a famous ambassadors. from the threat of with you will help you 72. gave a ●Having 75. nuclear terrorism to so much. speech. He 73. for representing poverty. ●You have a head start himself to helping different countries as ●Debating current on the rest of the bring about social and their ambassadors. issues between 78. world. political changes. ●76. the issues ●Working to come up ●It's up to you to affecting counties. with solutions. 80. the world. 71. opening 72. musician 73. devotes / dedicates 74. opportunity

75. responsibility 76. Researching 77. including / covering 78. countries/nations 79. nothing / little 80. change

Good communication is vital in modern society. We know that much of the communication is unspoken. Consciously or unconsciously, we show our true feelings with our eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes. Your good qualities can make good communication. The personal qualities include: physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expressiveness of eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others.

What should we do so that our communication will be effective? Here are my suggestions.

Firstly, you should be yourself. The trick is to be consistently you, at your best. The most effective people never change character from one situation to another. They‟re the same whether they‟re having a conversation with their close friends, addressing their garden club or being interviewed for a job. They communicate with their whole being.

Secondly, whether you‟re talking to one person or one hundred, always remember to look at them. Don‟t break eye contact while talking. As you enter a room, move your eyes comfortably, then look directly at those in the room and smile. This shows clearly that you are at ease. Smiling is important. The best type of smile and eye contact is gentle and comfortable, not forced.

You should also absorb other people before showing yourself. You can‟t learn anything when you talk. When you attend a meeting, a party or an interview, don‟t immediately start throwing your opinions. Stop for a second. Absorb what‟s going on. What‟s the mood of the others—are they down, up, happy, expectant? Are they eager to learn from you, or do they show resistance? If you can sense what‟s happening with others, you will be better able to reach them. So, listen before you talk.

The fourth suggestion is that you focus your energy. How do you get your energy up? Before the meeting, collect your thoughts about the goal of the meeting—yours and the other‟s. Once you go through the doorway, no longer think about yourself. Focus on the person you are meeting to find out what he is interested in. Properly collected energy comes across when we sincerely believe something. When you speak with energy, you are involved with your audience and your message. You create an air of certainty. The audience may disagree with you, but they can‟t question your belief.

Lastly, I would like to remind you that you should lighten up. Take a good hard look at your self. Do you say “I” too often? Are you only concentrated on your own problems? Do you complain frequently? If you answered yes to even one of these questions, you need to be more relaxed. How to communicate (71) ▲ Suggestions Be yourself Use your eyes and smile Listen before (75) ▲ Focus your (76) ▲ Dos Always be the same and communicate with your whole being.  Make direct eye contact.  Present a gentle and comfortable (73) ▲ . Stop for a short time to know the others‟ mood and what is happening with them. Don‟ts Change character in (72) ▲ situations.  Break eye contact.  (74) ▲ yourself to smile. Begin your talk immediately.  Remain (77) ▲ and think Think about yourself. clearly and carefully before the meeting.  Focus on the person you‟re meeting. Try to be (78) ▲ .  Say “I” too often.  Concentrate on your own 21

Lighten up

problems.  Make too (79) ▲ complaint. Conclusion Good communication (80) ▲ on good personal qualities. 72. different 77. calm

73. smile

78. relaxed

74. Force 79. much

75. talking 80. depends

71. effectively/well 76. energy

When you do business online, remember one of the most important factors in online success is list building. No matter what goals you‟re seeking with your online activities, building a good contact list is vital for a successful outcome. List building plays a major role in developing good relationships with your site‟s customers, and visitors. It can be used to get more sales for your site or business. For these reasons contact building should be high on your list when you‟re marketing or promoting on the web. Fortunately, list building is an easy process that any site or webmaster can quickly set up as long as you understand two simple elements. To be really successful, your list building must combine these two key elements. Without these you will probably find building your contact list difficult and slow going. So it is worth your while to fully understand these two factors in your list building.

Value－It should offer important information, quality content, special deals / discounts, and more importantly, it should offer a valuable relationship or connection to an expert in the subject area of the list.

Subscribers (订户) must benefit from joining your list. If you‟re building a list, just write down all the benefits someone would receive from joining your site or list, including receiving important information, getting special valuable content, receiving special deals / discounts, getting training videos and getting timely announcements or news. Don‟t forget there may also be a psychological reason for joining your list－many people like being part of a group or membership site. It‟s human nature. Everybody likes to feel included.

Free whatever you offer－make sure it is Free. The quickest way to build any list is to give away free valuable content, information, videos, reports, e-books, discounts, prizes... everybody loves a free gift. Just make them an offer they can‟t refuse. This has more to do with the nature of your gift and the kind of contacts you‟re building－giving away free buying guides on how to purchase real estate, fast cars, LCD TVs, laptops... will definitely attract the right “buying customer”. If you‟re into selling, you just have to adjust your marketing to combine the free element correctly. In addition, giving away something free is the first step in starting an ongoing relationship with your subscribers. It gets the ball rolling.

3. It’s more 3. Focus on the two customers a free valuable gift as convenient and faster elements, or your everybody loves it as giving away free going for you to do list will be difficult gifts will attract the right “buying (74)________ online. and slow to customers”. (80)________, it’s the first 76)_________. step in starting your online contact with 71. factor / aspect 72. Reasons 73. influence / effect / impact 74. business 75. easily / quickly 76. build 77. necessary / vital / important 78. remember 79. offer / give / send 80. Besides / Additionally / Moreover / Furthermore

Everyone needs a break, and vacations are not meant for serious study. Instead, they‟re a great way to take a break and enjoy a good book. The Spring Festival is coming up so this is the perfect time to discuss some great English language literature to take on a long train journey or while you‟re hanging out with the family.

Before getting into the recommendations, we need to determine your English reading comprehension level so you don‟t pick a book which is so challenging that it‟s stressful or so simple that it‟s boring.

If you‟re at the beginner level, there are two options: reading a children‟s book or reading a book that you‟ve read in Chinese translation. This will help you get over any unfamiliar words or phrases, since you‟re already familiar with the story. If you‟re at the intermediate level, popular books like pop fiction, mysteries and thrillers are good options, as they‟ll be guaranteed page turners and that will increase the possibility of your getting all the way through the book. For advanced readers, science

Online Success List building is a very important (71)_________. (72)_______ Tips Two Elements 1. A good contact list 1. Build a contact 1. Value It’s (77)_________ to offer is vital for a list on the top of important and valuable information successful outcome. your web. about your product on your list, and what’s more, write down all the benefits 2. It will have a great 2. Understand two for subscribers. Do (78)___________ (73)________ on simple elements, it’s human nature that everybody likes developing good so that you can set being part of a group or membership relationships with up your list site. your customers. (75)_____. 2. Free Make sure to (79)________ your

fiction, classic works of literature or contemporary prize winners (Booker, Nobel, Pulitzer) are good options.

The most important thing is to pick a book that you‟re really interested in. When I pick up a new book in Chinese, the first few chapters are always really hard to get through, as I have to get accustomed to the way the individual author uses the language. But after the first few chapters, things get a lot easier, especially if I get involved in the story. Some of my favorite Chinese-language eye candy are books that are series like Brothers by Yu Hua or The Dancer by Hai Yan. I like them because there‟s always a lot of action and story development to keep me involved, which helps me make it through those first few chapters.

Another great way to keep yourself motivated over the holiday is to find a friend who‟s interested in reading the same book. You can make goals that you both want to achieve and discuss plot lines or vocabulary issues with each other by SMS or e-mail. I‟m currently doing that with my friend Laura. We‟ve been doing this since we were classmates in Chinese at college.

Some quick recommendations: Harry Potter, start with the first book and go on from there; the Narnia series; anything by US writer Michael Crichton or British writer Agatha Christie; and if you like horror, US writer Stephen King is always unusual and fun. But really you should just find a topic or author that you‟re interested in, and the rest will go from there. Happy reading!

－from 21st Century (January 21, 2009)

Title Theme Enjoy English language literature on vacation Find a good book to read on your (71) ▲ to a distant place. ●Beginners may pick a children‟s book or a book whose story is (73) ▲ to them. (72) ▲ of proper ●Poplar books might make it (74) ▲ for intermediate-level books readers to read them from cover to cover. ●Science fiction, classic works of literature or contemporary prize winners may be (75) ▲ for advanced readers. ●Choose a book that is interesting enough to keep you involved in the story and help get through some difficult (77) ▲ . Ways to keep up your (76) ●Read along with a friend a book you both feel interested in and (78) ▲ for reading ▲ views on plot lines or vocabulary to achieve your common goals. ●Harry Potter series ●Narnia series ●Works by Michael Crichton ●Works by Agatha Christie ●(80) ▲ fiction by Stephen King Books (79) ▲ 71. journey 72. Choices / Options 73. familiar / known 74. possible 75. suitable 76. motivation 77. chapters / sections 78. exchange 79. recommended 80. Horror

New research says 35 percent of child deaths worldwide are caused by hunger. The research comes from poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

Robert Black from the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland .is the lead writer of the research. He says more than 3.5 million mothers and children under five die in poor countries each year bemuse of hunger.

He says more than two million children die from underdevelopment, either before or after birth. Millions of others who survive face a lifetime of disabilities or early death and the effects are not just physical. Poor mental development also results from hunger as children grow. Then the cycle of poverty and hunger often continues for their children.

Doctor Black says hungry children are also more likely to have conditions like high blood pressure and heart disease as adults. He says the studies show that food programs need to place the greatest importance on the first two years of life. Hungry children can suffer their whole life damage from age two.

It is high time their diets were improved. Diets should include foods rich in vitamin A and other useful vitamins and minerals. The researchers say early help such as this could reduce child deaths by 25%.

This research has also faced some criticism. A medical aid group says the researchers underestimate(低估) the number of child deaths due to hunger. The researchers say there are findings that support this treatment but more studies are needed to compare it to hospital care. Title Theme A new research (71) ▲ is children‟s biggest killer. ●Of all child deaths throughout the world, 35 percent (72) ▲ from hunger. ●The children in poor or middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America are (73) ▲ with such a situation. ●Each year hunger causes over 3.5 million mothers and children under 5 in poor countries to die. The general introduction ●Over two million children die of huger before or after they are(75) ▲ . The (74) ▲ ●Millions of the survivors will be disabled all their lives or die at an early effects of hunger (76) ▲ . on children ●Hunger can also result in children‟s bad mental development. ●Hunger can bring children high blood pressure and heart trouble, too. ●Food programs must realize the period between the birth and the age of 2 The (77) ▲ is the most (78) ▲ for children‟s physical development. to save children ●Diets should be improved. ●Diets should contain food with (79) ▲ vitamins and minerals. Some criticism ●Not (80) ▲ child deaths are paid attention to by the researchers. on the research 71．Hunger 72．result 73．faced 74．negative 75．born 76．age 77．methods 78．important 79．rich 80．enough

Homework is a great way for kids to develop independent, lifelong learning skills, so here are some general homework tips for parents: ● Make sure your child has a quiet, well-lit place to do homework. Avoid having your child do homework with the television on or in places with other distractions, such as people coming and going. ● Make sure the materials your child needs, such as some paper, pencils and a dictionary, are available. Ask your child if special materials will be needed for some projects and get them in advance. ● Help your child with time management. Establish a set time each day for doing homework. Don‟t let your child leave homework until just before bedtime. Think about using a weekend morning or afternoon for working on big projects, especially if the project involves getting together with classmates. ● Be positive about homework. Tell your child how important school is. The attitude you express about homework will be the attitude your child acquires. ● When your child asks for help, provide guidance, not answers. Giving answers means your child will not learn the material. Too much help teaches your child that when the going gets rough, someone will do the work for him or her. Cooperation with the teacher. It shows your child that the school and home are a team. Follow the directions given by the teacher. ● Reward progress in homework. If your child has been successful in homework completion and is working hard, celebrate that success with a special even (e.g. pizza, a walk, a trip to the park) to reinforce the positive effort.

Title: (1) ____________ for parents on their children’s homework

Right things to do Basic requirements (2) ___________ ◆Quiet and well-lit

A separate room

for homework ◆(3) _________ TV or other distractions

◆Some paper ◆Some pencils

Materials for

Things (4) __________ ◆A dictionary

homework

◆Special materials for some projects ahead of (5) ____________

(6) _______ homework A set time each day

Time management

Weekend homework A whole morning or afternoon

Attitudes to (7)_________ of ◆(8)_________ by parents homework homework ◆Accepted by children

◆Provide guidance

(9)_________ from ◆Cooperate with the teacher

Dos & don‟ts

parents ◆Follow the teacher‟s directions

◆Don‟t give answers

(10) __________ Successful homework Reward the child with a special event:

◆Their favorite food ◆Their favorite activity

1. Tips 2. Places 3. Without 4. available 5. time

6. Weekday 7.Importance 8. Expressed 9. Help 10. Rewards

Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood, together with industrial pollution, are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth.

The evidence for global warming can now be seen in the world‟s changing climate statistics. In Europe, eight of the last ten years have seen record high temperature. For northern Europe, this has generally been a change for the better. Gardens can even now grow tropical plants in England, though London may never see a “White Christmas” again. On the other hand, the countries around the Mediterranean Sea, and those south of the Sahara desert are receiving even less rain than before. In sub-Saharan Africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation. In the Americas, the climate is becoming more extreme ---the summers are getting hotter and hotter and the storms are becoming more violent. In 1999 the southern United States was struck by a series of destructive hurricanes, while the end of 1999 saw the worst floods ever in Venezuela. Meteorologists expect such trends to continue, and indeed to worsen, if global warming cannot be halted(终止).

In addition to worrying about rising global temperatures and more extreme weather conditions, scientists are closely monitoring sea levels around the world. These are slowly rising, as the northern and southern polar ice-caps start to melt. This will have serious consequences for low-lying countries near the sea, such as the coral islands in the Pacific, and Bangladesh where the River Ganges already folds the delta(三角洲) every year. Already parts of these places are disappearing under the rising tides. Title: Global Warming Main items _____71____ _____72____ Contexts Gases from burning coal, oil, and wood with industrial pollution. In European countries; Record high temperature in the last ____73__. In the countries around the Mediterranean Sea; It is __74_____ less than before. In Sub-Saharan Africa; The crops are drying out in the fields and people are ___75____ to death. In Americas; ___76____ hot summers. More __77____ storms and worst floods. ____78______ ___79____earth temperature ____80___ polar ice-caps 71. Causes/reasons 72. Evidences 73 decade 74 raining 75 starving 76 increasingly 77. violent / destructive 78 Consequences 79 Rising 80.Melting

Greeting other people is the first and most important social event in our lives. Parents greet their children as soon as they are born, and it‟s not long before babies know who is who among the people in their everyday lives.

After only a few months, babies work out systems of greeting for meeting people they know and those who are unfamiliar. Have you ever seen a four-month old baby staring at you? Have you smile ant said “hello” to the baby? Then have watched the baby‟s little frown at it realizes that it does not know you? Either the baby will begin to make strange noises and cling to its caregiver, ot it will jerk its head in such a way that its whole body moves, and smile at you.

The baby has learned to greet people and to respond to greetings at an very early age. What it has learned is the most important aspect of a greeting: the facial and body gestures that accompany the smile. These are signals that indicate friendliness.

Secondly, there is the intonation（语调）in the voice. Greetings are said warmly, with an expression anywhere between bight quickness and easy-going friendliness.

The third aspect concerns the words chosen. Together, the words, the intonation, and facial expression signal a greeting. These indicators are the same all over the world.

There may a little difference in the words used, but “Good day”, “ Bonggiorno”, “Nihao”, “Bonjour”, and “Guten Morgen” all contain the wor “good”. The common greeting from other languages is translated into English as “Good day” or “hello”. “Konnichi-wa” means “good day.”

Theremare thousands of languages and cultures around the world, but though the words are different, they mean the same. And they are accompanied with friendly gestures, with smiles and with pleasant vocal intonations. You learned all of these skills and naturally in the first months and years of your life.

So please greet other people with a smile, warm voice and kind words. Please greet other people whenever you can and wherever you are. Titles Themes Introduction Greetings We greet to show 71.____ ▲______. Greeting 72.____ ▲____ is our first and most important social events. 1. The 74.___ ▲___ on your face, which says that you are happy and Three 73. ___▲___ of friendly. a greeting 2. The intonation in the voice, which is 75._____ ▲____ and pleasant. 3. The 76.____ ▲____ of words, which usually contains the word \"good\". 77.___ ▲__ in languages other than English Suggestions 71. friendliness 76. choice

“ Bonggiorno”, “Nihao”, “Bonjour”, “Guten Morgen” and “Konnichi-wa” are 78.___ ▲____ different languages, but of the same 79.___ ▲___. Please greet others warmly and pleasantly. Please greet others whenever 80.___ ▲___ and wherever you are. 72. others 73. aspects/ indicators 74. smile 75. warm 77. Greetings 78. from 79. meaning 80. possible

The latest scientific studies show that the sun and the oceans have far more important influences on the world's climate than human activity.

The head of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), Professor Fred Singer, put forward a suggestion to the UN-sponsored(资助) IPCC. He said, “We donated our time and best efforts to produce this report out of concern that the IPCC gave us an incorrect reason for global-warming based on incomplete and faulty science.”

“Global-warming news has led to the demand for unrealistic efficiency(功效) standards for cars, the construction of uneconomic wind and solar energy stations, the establishment of large production facilities for uneconomic fuels such as ethanol(乙醇) from corn, requirements that electric companies buy expensive power from so-called„renewable‟energy sources, and plans to reduce, at considerable expense, carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) from power plants.

“While it is absolutely nothing wrong to increase energy efficiency, they cannot be regarded as a realistic means to control climate. In addition, policies have been developed that try to hide the huge cost of greenhouse gas controls.

“Seeing science clearly misused to shape public policies that have the potential to cause serious economic harm, particularly on low-income groups, we choose to speak up for science at a time when too few people outside the scientific community know what is happening, and too few scientists who know the truth have to speak out against the IPCC.”

NIPCC is what its name suggests: an international organization of non- governmental scientists and scholars who have come together to understand the causes and consequences of climate change.

“Because we don't believe climate change is caused by human greenhouse gas, we are able to look at evidence the IPCC ignores. Because we do not work for any governments, we can make our research more scientific and fairer.”

Title: A New Finding On The Global (71) Change Characters NIPCC IPCC It is a non-governmental What it is It is (73) by the United Nations. (72). They devoted time and (74) More efficient cars are in (76). to producing the report to tell the Uneconomic wind and solar energy stations truth to the public. are (77). What they Some renewable (78)sources are have done They choose to speak up for science required. at a time because people know The huge cost of greenhouse gas (75) about it. controls are made unknown to the (79). The sun and the oceans (80) Human activities are to blame for the Conclusion the global climate more. climate change. 71. Climate 72. organization/group/panel 73. supported/sponsored 74. efforts 75.little 76. demand/need 77. constructed/built 78. energy 79. public/people 80. influence/affect

Searching for the truth

Collecting mid writing news is like researching in history: the best information comes from those who were there at the time. So if' we want to study tile history of China in the sixth century AD, we look

at the writings of the people who lived then. They are called the primary sources because they tell us what it was like to live then. People at a much later date who write about the same events are called the secondary sources. For example, when we read the original writings of Jia Sixie on agriculture, we are reading a primary source; when we read about Jia Sixie in our textbook we are reading secondary source because the passage was written about him and his ideas many years after he died.

When we make news we use primary and secondary sources. We can see this most clearly in TV programmes. As we watch the news on TV, the person presenting the programme in the studio is the secondary source( because he tells us about the news) and the reporter in. Iraq or Washington is the primary source (because he is telling us about what is actually happening there). Without these reporters acting as primary sources, you would never find out what really happened in a war, earthquake, sports meeting, concert or festival. These reporters explain what is happening so we have a clearer idea of what is going on there. They often take photographers with them who act as primary source by giving pictures of events.

In a newspaper the position is different because these two roles are often combined. This means a reporter who investigates a story may be the same person who writes it. If this happens, the reporter is both the primary and the secondary source. But the photographer who works with him/her is still a primary, source.

One of the reasons that it is important to separate primary and secondary sources is that they help us to decide what is a fact and what is an opinion. A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. An opinion is somebody's idea of what happened. So facts and opinions are often mixed in any report, whether in a newspaper or on TV.

What have you learnt from the above passage? Primary Source Secondary source News on TV News in newspaper Fact Opinion Conclusion a Primary sources are the writing of' the people who lived at (71)___________ time and offer an inside view of a particular event Secondary sources are the writings of the people who write about the same events at a much later date with explanation and analysis (72)_________ on primary sources The TV (73)__________ in the studio is tile secondary source while the reporter on the (74) ____________ is the primary source A newspaper reporter can be both primary and secondary source if he collects the information anti then (75) ______________ the news. But the photographer(76) ___________ with the reporter is always a primary source A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. In other (77)____________, it is something that is (78) ________________ An opinion is somebody's idea of what (79)________________on Primary and secondary sources are both important for (80)_______ the truth 71．that／the 72． based 73．presenter 74．scene/spot 75．writes 76．working 77．Words 78．true 79．went 80．discovering

Hi, everyone! I will graduate from high school in June. Some of my foreign friends have asked me about the process of entering an American university, so here I will tell you how it works.

First you have to choose which university you want to attend. This is not easy, as there are over 3,000 universities and colleges in the USA. Do you want to stay near home, or do you want to go far away? What do you want to study? Once you have decided what is important to you, I would suggest choosing about five schools to apply to. This way, if one or two schools do not accept you, you still have a chance of being accepted by the others.

After you have chosen which schools you would like to apply to, you have to complete an application form for each one. You also need to ask two or three of your teachers to write letters to the universities explaining why you would be a good university student. For many people, the worst part of applying for university is taking tests. Depending on which college or university you want to enter, you have to take either the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), which tests your language, math and writing skills, or the American College Test (ACT), which tests your knowledge in English, math, science and history.

After you have been accepted to a university, you need to be able to pay for your study there. To help students pay for their education, the government offers loans which students do not have to repay until after they graduate. Scholarships are also available to students who have excellent grades, are good athletes or have financial needs. Because university tuition is so expensive, many students also work part-time while they are at university.

University courses are quite different from classes at high school. You only attend each class two or three times a week, you have to study a lot more outside of class. Classes are much bigger too and some can have as many as 200 students in them.

There will be many new things to learn, but I think I will enjoy university.

Title: How to 71. ▲ for a new life

Main Items Choosing university Context It is not 72. ▲ to choose only one or two universities to apply to. Choosing more universities can add to the 73. ▲ of being admitted to by one of them.  Fill in an application form for the 74. ▲ university, with your teachers‟ reference letters.  Take part in the proper tests 75. ▲ to the university you have chosen.  Apply for the loans 77. ▲ by the government, which can be repaid after graduation.  Scholarships can be given to 78. ▲ has excellent grades.  Find a part-time 79. ▲ while at university.  There are fewer classes in university than at high school.  The 80. ▲ of the class is also larger in university than at high school. Sometime it can have 200 students. 76. 31

Applying for university 76. ▲ for education Attending classes 71. Prepare 72. wise/correct/right 73. chance 74. chosen 75. according

Paying 77. offered/provided

78. whoever 79. job 80. size

AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a medical condition caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), a virus which damages people‟s natural defenses against disease. So far, no cure has been found for it.

In the early mid-1980s, while other parts of the world were beginning to deal with the serious disease, Asia remained relatively unaffected by this newly discovered health problem. By the early 1990s, however, HIV and AIDS had hit several Asian countries, and by the end of that decade, HIV was spreading rapidly in many areas of the continent. Today, HIV and AIDS are a growing problem in every region of Asia. The latest statistics produced by UNAIDS suggest that in 2008, over 5 million people were living with HIV or AIDS in Asia.

Various factors cause the spread of HIV, including poverty, inequality, unequal status of women, cultural myths about sex and high levels of migration(移民). Although it‟s useful to understand the situation of AIDS in Asia as a whole, each country in the region faces a different situation. In Cambodia and Thailand, there has been evidence of declines in HIV infection levels. In Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam, meanwhile, the number of people living with HIV has rapidly increased. In China, the number of people newly infected with HIV and AIDS is also rising, although at a much slower pace.

Much improvement is needed to prevent HIV and AIDS around Asia. New guidelines and policy documents have been continually issued over the years. Most of the successful programs do have at least three features in common. Firstly, these programs encourage HIV and AIDS education among the general population to teach people how to avoid infection and to face discrimination. Secondly, they are very practical and they involve the infected people themselves in program design and implementation(实施). Last but not least, strong leadership is essential for HIV prevention. If all of the leaders truly committed themselves to this cause, then a great many lives would be saved. Overview of HIV and AIDS in Asia The (71)_________ of AIDS HIV, a virus (72) _________ the body‟s immune system. ◇ In the early mid-1980s, with other parts of the world troubled with the serious disease, Asia remained (73)__________ unaffected by this newly discovered health problem. ◇ In the early 1990s,HIV and AIDS (74) _________ only several Asian countries, but HIV was spreading rapidly in the next 10 years in Asia. ◇ AIDS/HIV is a growing problem in every region, over 5 millions people living (76)___________ HIV or AIDS ◇ Asian countries are facing (77)___________ situations today. The past situation The (75)__________ situation 32

Three (78)___________ most of the successful programs have in common. ◇ (79)_________ people to be educated about how to avoid infection The improvement to prevent and face discrimination . HIV and AIDS ◇ Being practical and getting the infected people (80) _________ in the program design and implementation . ◇ Leaders‟ taking an active part in the cause. (71) cause (72) damaging (73) relatively (74) hit (75) present/ current (76) with (77) different (78) features (79) Encouraging (80) involved

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